Video
Back to collection listing
Home
235 videos, 12h 27m

How to wire up a Twig template to a render array

Description

Collection: Drupal 8 Developer Prep
Chapter: Using the Twig template engine in Drupal 8

Now that we have our Twig template in the theme registry, it’s time to actually use it. In this video we show one approach to using the template file, which is pushing it through a render array.

Transcript

And now we have the first two steps, so we have our template file, and we're registering that template file in our hook_theme function. The last part is actually using the template. So, the way we do this, is by passing it as a theme parameter into a render array, and that would either be returned as part of something that is expected from an API, or we could pass it directly to Drupal render, to render it right there.

In our case we are dealing with a block, and if we look at the build method here, what we are doing at the bottom is generating a render array, and returning that. So we can just plug into here, and define the theme here. Ok, I'm going to close this out down here.

So, we can use this theme by changing this from, mark up to theme, and then the value here to trails list. Ok, and this is the name that we established, in our trails. module file, right here as the unique identifier.

Ok, finally, lets re-name this function to match our module, we'll call it "trails theme". Save it, ok I'm going to jump back to the block code. Now t ...

Read the last half of the transcript

You are 0% complete

When you have an active membership, you will be able to see your progress here.

Skill focus: Drupal Development, Programming
Skill level: Intermediate - Advanced

This collection will not only prepare you to work with and understand Drupal 8 under the hood, it will increase your skills and relevance as a developer. We cover Object Oriented Programming (OOP), how to use Composer, what the Symfony framework is and how to use its various components, plus lots, lots more. For developers really wanting to modernize their skill set, this is a great place to start.

Before watching this series, you will need a web environment with Drupal 8 installed. Follow the videos in the Setting Up a Web Environment With Drupal to set up a web environment. In the series, we use a couple different versions of Drupal 8 and provide instructions for installing each one so you can follow along with the series exactly. You can also use the latest version of Drupal 8, but there will be some slight differences between what you see in the videos and how you would put what you see into practice, but working through those differences can be excellent for learning.

Some of the key points we'll be covering include:

  1. How to build basic module scaffolding in Drupal 8
  2. How Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) works and how to apply what you learn to coding in Drupal 8
  3. How to work with Symfony components included in Drupal 8
  4. How to use Composer to keep track of code dependencies and leverage a huge library of PHP components

Who this collection is for

This collection is mostly for Drupal developers who want to upgrade their techniques to work with Drupal 8. Because many of these techniques are applicable to PHP coding in general, it can also be useful if you simply want to develop your PHP skills and wrap your mind around object-oriented programming.

Prerequisites

You will get the most out of this collection if you are comfortable with procedural coding in PHP. We will make references to how code works in Drupal 7, so it will be helpful if you have some Drupal coding experience in particular.

Display
Show videos in one column
Show videos in split view
Actions
Mark multiple complete (member-only)
Add multiple to a playlist (member-only)
Change speed.5x1x1.5x2x3x

Chapters

  1. 15:04Welcome to Drupal 8 Developer Prep
    1. 3:31Why you should be excited about Drupal 8
    2. 1:43How we're dealing with the fact that there's no official Drupal 8 release yet
    3. 5:15Who the "Drupal 8 Developer Prep" series for and what we will be covering
    4. 4:35How to install our Drupal 8 snapshot with Dev Desktop
  2. 27:39Building a Simple Drupal 8 Module
    1. 2:42How to set up basic module scaffolding in Drupal 8
    2. 3:21How a .info.yml file works, the purpose of using YAML and what the 'type' attribute is for
    3. 5:27Adding a hook_page_alter() and hook_form_alter() to our module
    4. 6:16How to add a page programmatically with a module
    5. 1:02A brief comparison to adding a page programmatically in Drupal 7
    6. 2:05Reviewing the code in our Controller class file
    7. 2:51Reviewing the code in our routing.yml file
    8. 1:27Reviewing our hook_menu() code
    9. 2:28Overview of what we're about to cover (OOP, autoloading, namespaces and Symfony)
  3. 91:04Object Oriented Programming Basics
    1. 4:26The difference between procedural and object-oriented programming
    2. 3:21Setting up an examples folder and demoing our contact form script
    3. 3:26Walkthrough of our procedural code example, part 1 (outline of the code)
    4. 6:08Walkthrough of our procedural code example, part 2 (building the form)
    5. 4:46Walkthrough of our procedural code example, part 3 (processing the form)
    6. 1:45How to derive objects from procedural code
    7. 4:45How classes are structured, what methods and properties are, and how a constructor works
    8. 1:14How to name classes and methods according to both Drupal and general standards
    9. 2:31How a class structure makes the relationship between methods explicit
    10. 5:04What instantiation means, the difference between class and object, and the advantage of properties
    11. 2:53Reviewing the rest of our code after moving functions into class methods
    12. 3:02Review of the advantages of object-oriented programming that we've covered so far
    13. 2:16How the Agile phiolosophy will help you stay sane when figuring out how to structure a project
    14. 2:07How to decide when to re-factor your code, or split classes into smaller classes
    15. 1:43A summary of staying sane with OOP, and our use case for re-factoring
    16. 5:21How and why to use static methods in classes
    17. 5:09Refactoring to add a new "Builder" class, and how to decide when to use a static method
    18. 3:41What a "controller" is, and how to implement one in our code
    19. 3:51How to inherit methods and properties from another class
    20. 2:18How inheritance allows for abstraction of concepts, and how that can make code difficult to understand
    21. 4:36How to use an "interface" for defining inherited class structure
    22. 3:20How and why to use an abstract class
    23. 3:28What a public interface or API really is and how OOP helps make an API more explicit
    24. 4:07The difference between the "public", "private" and "protected" visibility settings
    25. 4:43How to split a single large file into individual class files
    26. 1:03How to name class files
  4. 43:45Namespacing and Autoloading in PHP
    1. 3:03How using third-party libraries or working on a team can create naming conflicts
    2. 7:11How to use namespaces in PHP
    3. 2:34How to use namespaces to avoid naming conflicts
    4. 1:14How to use namespace aliases with the "as" keyword
    5. 1:32How to use a Fully Qualified Name for classes and methods
    6. 1:58The benefits of namespacing and a summary of how namespaces work
    7. 2:12What "autoloading" is and how namespacing relates to it
    8. 2:24How to create a simple autoloader
    9. 2:02Walking through our simple autoloader with a debugger
    10. 3:12How a typical PHP library will be structured and what each of the nested folders mean
    11. 1:32What FIG (Framework Interoperability Group) is and why PSR-0 (PHP Standards Recommendation) exists
    12. 8:43How to build a PSR-0 compliant autoloader, and a walkthrough of PSR-0 requirements
    13. 1:24Why it's good to use an established autoloader instead of creating your own
    14. 4:44How to make our own project PSR-0 compatible
  5. 19:50How to use Composer and Packagist
    1. 1:39How Composer and Packagist work together to help manage reusable PHP components
    2. 3:13How to install Composer on a Mac or Linux and what a .phar file is
    3. 1:23How to install Composer in Windows
    4. 2:21How to set up our Composer example folder and set up a basic Composer project
    5. 1:31How JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) and our composer.json file work
    6. 1:25What Semantic Versioning is and how to use it
    7. 2:55What happens during 'composer install' and how the download is structured
    8. 1:56How to use Composer's autoloader and use a package in our code
    9. 1:39A quick look at how Drupal 8 uses Composer
    10. 1:48How to look for packages, and how Packagist is like a module repository for PHP
  6. 105:35How to Work With Symfony Components
    1. 2:41What Symfony is and the difference between a CMS and a framework
    2. 3:19Building a simple example script and illustrating its flaws
    3. 5:21Refactoring our code, and how character encoding works
    4. 5:00How to incorporate the Http Foundation Symfony component to add object orientation to our simple script
    5. 3:18How the Request and Response classes work
    6. 1:56Why using global variables is dangerous, and how Http Foundation solves this problem and allows for extending functionality
    7. 7:04Examples of how we can use the Request class to access variables, and what a reverse proxy is
    8. 3:04Examples of using the Response class to set status codes, content and content type headers
    9. 3:37Adding a second page and an include file for common code
    10. 4:07How to add a front controller
    11. 2:21Adjusting our pages to use the front controller, and how to add new pages
    12. 2:47Reorganizing our page files to make it easier to add new pages
    13. 3:38How to convert a PHP file into a template
    14. 5:16How to use the extract() function to convert an array to string variables to use in a template
    15. 3:04The weaknesses of our current routing strategy, how to update a Composer project and set up the routing component
    16. 3:23How to set up a file to store our routes and use the routing component
    17. 2:37Updating our front controller to use the routing component
    18. 3:04How a try ... catch block works and why you would want to use it
    19. 5:27An in-depth look at how to use try ... catch and throwing exceptions
    20. 4:12How to use the routing component to generate URLs based on route name, and exploring additional methods of the Matcher class
    21. 5:16How to convert our pages to use a controller function
    22. 3:23Updating our routes to include a '_controller' attribute, and what a 'closure' or 'anonymous function’ is
    23. 2:55Replacing our app with one that calculates leap years
    24. 2:47How to create a controller class, and how to tell what are valid PHP callbacks
    25. 3:32How to use the controller resolver and install the Http Kernel component
    26. 2:59Updating our routes and controller to use the controller resolver, and how type hinting works
    27. 2:11How we can use multiple front controllers for different environments
    28. 2:55Creating a reusable Framework class
    29. 0:53Simplifying our front controller while leveraging our Framework class
    30. 0:57One minute of reassurance
    31. 2:31How to add Composer autoloading for our custom code by making it PSR-0 compatible
  7. 112:37How to Work With Symfony Components, Part 2
    1. 4:05How to split up our leap year code into a controller class and a model class
    2. 2:33Adding PSR-0 compatibility to our leap year code, and updating our app.php file
    3. 1:43What unit testing is and how it can make your code better and more flexible
    4. 3:11The difference between unit testing, functional testing and regression testing
    5. 2:25How to install PHPUnit on a Mac or Linux
    6. 5:09How to install PHPUnit on a Windows machine, what PEAR is and how it compares with Packagist
    7. 2:40How to set up PHPUnit configuration and set up our first unit tests
    8. 3:57How setting up interfaces for your classes helps with unit testing
    9. 2:05What dependency injection is, and updating our framework to use interfaces
    10. 2:28Looking at how our test and assertion actually work, and where to find out which assertions we can use
    11. 2:29Adding additional PHPUnit tests for our controller and 500 errors
    12. 2:29What the Event Dispatcher Symfony component does, and how to add it to our project
    13. 3:58How to add an event with the Event Dispatcher
    14. 2:18How to create an event class for our event
    15. 4:26How to add a listener with our event dispatcher
    16. 2:49A recap of how we set up our event dispatcher and listener
    17. 2:51Adding a second listener and setting its priority
    18. 4:06How to create a class for an event listener
    19. 2:03Reviewing the code in our event listener classes
    20. 2:09How a subscriber is different than a listener, and what a 'code smell’ is
    21. 3:41How to add a subscriber to our event dispatcher
    22. 1:47Overview of what we covered around the event dispatcher
    23. 6:29How to add caching support to our framework and controllers
    24. 4:34How to use the Http Kernel component to replace our entire framework
    25. 1:00The difference between setter injection and constructor injection
    26. 3:28How to add custom error reporting to our framework
    27. 5:45How to create a subscriber that allows controllers to return strings instead of response objects
    28. 3:17Reducing our front controller code by moving it to our Framework class
    29. 3:07The disadvantage of instantiating objects inside our framework and how a dependency injection container can help
    30. 5:29How to create and use a dependency injection container, and what a singleton pattern is
    31. 3:26How to prepare objects in the dependency injection container with parameters and methods
    32. 0:54Why you should never use a dependency injection container within a class even though it's tempting
    33. 1:04Updating our framework code to leverage the dependency injection container
    34. 2:46How to use dependency injection container properties to store settings
    35. 5:56An overview of what we learned in these Symfony videos
  8. 18:16Updating Our Environment and Using PHPStorm
    1. 1:55Overview of how we will prepare for the next Drupal 8 videos
    2. 4:19How to install Drupal 8 Alpha 12 with Dev Desktop 2 Beta
    3. 1:20How to create a Drupal-based project in PHPStorm
    4. 2:36The benefits of using PHPStorm for an IDE for Drupal work
    5. 4:47The benefits of using PHPStorm for general development
    6. 3:19How to get our example folder set up
  9. 44:54How to Use YAML
    1. 0:59Why we are going to do a deep dive into YAML
    2. 6:21How to create a YAML file for routes
    3. 5:27How to parse a routing YAML file
    4. 3:56How to parse generic YAML files and setting up our YAML syntax examples
    5. 6:20Overview of YAML syntax, part 1 - Simple arrays and variable types
    6. 5:08Overview of YAML syntax, part 2 - Associative and nested arrays
    7. 5:42What "Separation of Concerns" means and how it applies to YAML and code
    8. 6:33How to convert our dependency injector container into a services YAML file
    9. 3:43How to load services into a dependency injector container with a YAML file
    10. 0:45How to make sure you're loading the right files in your project
  10. 18:10How the Dependency Injection Container Works in Drupal 8
    1. 1:15How the dependency injection container acts like a backbone to Drupal 8
    2. 2:35Taking at look at our our first Drupal 8 services.yml file
    3. 5:09How to find the dependency injection container in Drupal 8, and an overview of how it is structured
    4. 5:25How the dependency injection container accesses its services
    5. 3:46How to figure out what code to use to call a service
  11. 50:51Working With Symfony Components in Drupal 8, Part 1 - Using and Creating Services
    1. 3:16Setting up our example module scaffolding
    2. 2:50Why hook_menu() was removed and why Drupal switched to PSR-4 autoloading
    3. 2:07How Drupal uses PSR-4 autoloading under the hood
    4. 5:47Adding a page to our example module by using a route and controller
    5. 3:15How to use services in a custom module
    6. 3:54How to find out which class is responsible for a service
    7. 4:15How to create a service with a custom module
    8. 1:55How to call our custom service
    9. 5:05An overview of why we should use services instead of simple functions or classes
    10. 1:19The differences and similarities between subscribers and hooks
    11. 3:39How to find an example subscriber class, and an overview of its structure
    12. 4:03How to find out what events we can subscribe to
    13. 3:37How to create a subscriber class
    14. 4:13How to register a subscriber as a service
    15. 1:36How to figure out what objects and methods we have to work with in a subscriber
  12. 43:16Working With Symfony Components in Drupal 8, Part 2 - Creating Events and Sub-Requests
    1. 3:37How to get the route name for the current page and how “inheritdoc” works
    2. 4:02How to fix a "Class not found" error in Drupal 8
    3. 6:24How to perform a redirect and how hook_init() has been replaced
    4. 2:33Why you might choose to create events instead of hooks
    5. 5:29How to create a custom event quickly with the GenericEvent class
    6. 2:35How to subscribe to a custom event
    7. 5:04How to create a specialized custom event class
    8. 0:46A final word on what we’ve learned about events
    9. 6:05How to override an existing service
    10. 0:53The benefits of using an interface for a service
    11. 2:31Overview of what we've covered, and how we're going to use the HTTP Kernel component to create sub-requests
    12. 3:17How to create a subrequest with the HTTP Kernel service
  13. 49:27Upgrading a Module to Drupal 8, Part 1 - Plugins, Annotations and Subscribers
    1. 2:47The three groups of knowledge that you need to work with Drupal 8 effectively
    2. 2:55A tour of our Drupal 7 module's front-end feature set
    3. 5:03A tour of our Drupal 7 module's code base, part 1
    4. 3:26A tour of our Drupal 7 module's code base, part 2
    5. 1:38Getting our module to upgrade set up, and running into our first upgrade problem
    6. 3:47Overview of resources to use when upgrading a module to Drupal 8
    7. 3:37How to upgrade a .info file to a .info.yml file and install our module
    8. 1:22How to find a good source in the user interface for an example block
    9. 2:20How to find a piece of code by searching for a unique string from the interface
    10. 1:43How a block plugin class is structured
    11. 2:11What annotations are and how they work
    12. 2:11Overview of the alternatives to annotations, and why we're not using them
    13. 1:41A brief description of what a Drupal plugin is
    14. 2:47How to troubleshoot overlays not showing and how blocks are now actually block factories
    15. 4:46How to create a block plugin
    16. 3:14How to modify the default caching settings for a block plugin
    17. 3:59How to move our hook_init() code into a subscriber
  14. 74:58Upgrading a Module to Drupal 8, Part 2 - State API, Configuration API, Forms and Blocks
    1. 2:37A comparison of the State API and the Configuration API and how they replace variable_get()
    2. 2:07How to use the State API to store arbitrary values
    3. 0:55How to replace variable_get() with a State API call
    4. 2:40How to replace drupal_get_title() with a call to the "title resolver" service
    5. 1:23How to replace variable_set() with a State API call
    6. 3:40How to replace the $_GET['q'] and what to do when getting a "Drupal class not found" error
    7. 1:03How to replace variable_del() with a State API call
    8. 4:31How to upgrade hook_block_view() and format_interval()
    9. 3:21Overview of the pieces we need for our module configuration form, and finding a good example
    10. 2:07How forms are structured in Drupal 8
    11. 5:25Removing unnecessary overrides and upgrading drupal_map_asscoc()
    12. 4:18How to use the Configuration API to store default module settings, replacing variable_set()
    13. 1:23How to update configuration with the Configuration API and submitting a module settings form
    14. 4:44How to add a page for our module configuration form
    15. 1:14How to get our default configuration value to register while doing development
    16. 0:34Which files to use if you're starting this series from here
    17. 5:03How to register a menu link and find the ID for an existing menu link
    18. 1:13How to show a link to our module configuration form from the module listing page
    19. 5:27How to set up a block configuration form, and a benefit of using plugins
    20. 3:35How to use block settings in a block configuration form
    21. 1:48How to use the Configuration API as a service
    22. 1:32Testing out our module settings and troubleshooting a problem with saving the value
    23. 3:35Troubleshooting our block configuration form
    24. 1:24Adding a second block and ways to improve our block configuration
    25. 5:32Updating our .module file's hook_permission() and hook_help()
    26. 2:34Cleaning up our .module file and updating hook_cron()
    27. 1:13How to fix an "Undefined offset" error
  15. 32:12Using the Twig template engine in Drupal 8
    1. 2:51Overview of how Twig works and why Twig is so useful
    2. 3:43How to set up a Twig template file and a brief description of Twig variables
    3. 2:50How to register a Twig template file with hook_theme()
    4. 2:16How to wire up a Twig template to a render array
    5. 2:08How to easily debug Twig templates by reloading updated template files automatically
    6. 2:52How to use Twig filters and translate content in a template with the t filter
    7. 1:16How to replace variables in a translated string using the "t" filter in a Twig template
    8. 2:04How to set up a new variable to use in our Twig template file
    9. 2:31How to decide how granular a template file should be
    10. 1:50How to see what variables you have to work with in a Twig template using "dump"
    11. 3:08How to do a foreach loop in a Twig template
    12. 0:52How to use the dump tool in Twig to see just the names of the available variables
    13. 1:38How to figure out what Twig template file is responsible for any output on the page
    14. 2:13Congratulations and a quick review of what we covered in this course

Videos

Add to playlist

Add to , or

Add to new playlist:

Add to playlist
This is a member-only feature
But, it's easy to become a member

Add to cart:

$291 month $1566 months $2761 year

Loading...
Add to playlist

Add to , or

Add to new playlist:

Add to playlist
Contact us

Below are the supported keyboard shortcuts for our video player.

space
Start / stop video
shift▶
Go to next video
shift◀
Go to previous video
▲▼
Increase or decrease player speed by 20%
◀▶
Skip ahead or go back by 15 seconds
1...9
Jump to a percentage (2 is 20%, for example)
f
Toggle full screen
Videos Pricing More Search
BuildAModule Logo Icon BuildAModule Logo Icon
Become a member!
$29
1 month
$156
6 months
10% off
$276
12 months
20% off
All memberships come with the following:
24 / 7 access to the entire 1800+ video library
An innovative video player with a rolling transcript
Extensive Drupal and cross-platform training
A thorough and thoughtful training style
Progress tracking
Take notes on specific video sections
Intuitive multi-user management
How many users?
user
Go solo with a single user, or give multiple team members access through one account and get discounts by bundling multiple users into a single membership.